首页 > 历代字书 > 切韵 > 堂
堂
—
部首：土部 上平声·卷一·唐第一
隋代 切韵
《切韵》原典训诂 正音诵读已收录
经文原典 《切韵》：徒郎切，平声，唐韵第一，定母。堂者，殿之上屋也，正室也。颜之推曰：‘堂者，明也，取其光明正大之义。’萧该审音云：‘定母平声，开口呼，其声宏大，正合堂之义。’
—— 隋代·陆法言 著
📜 造字意图与考释疏证（注疏阐发）

「堂」字在《切韵》音系中，拟音为[dɑŋ]，属定母平声唐韵第一。反切上字‘徒’取其定母清音，下字‘郎’取其唐韵开口呼平声，二者相拼，正得‘堂’字之音。定母为全浊声母，平声送气，与‘徒’字声母相合。唐韵为开口呼一等韵，音韵洪大，与‘堂’字所表正室、殿堂之宏大意象相符。至现代普通话，‘堂’字音变为[tʰɑŋ²¹⁴]，声母清化，韵母仍保持开口呼特征，声调变为阳平，此乃中古全浊声母平声字在普通话中清化并归入阳平之演变规律所致。在方言中，如吴语等，仍保留有中古音之遗韵。

诵 古风诵读音色与语速调节
MiniMax 古风诵读 · 依古籍原训分句
儒
儒雅书生
沉稳古风男声
婉
温婉闺秀
清丽古风女声
雅
雅正先生
端庄古风男声
诵
古韵说书
浑厚古风诵读
语速 1.0x
选择音色与语速，点击诵读
中小学易懂白话解析 ERNIE 大模型译注

文言训诂太深奥？点击下方按钮，由文心大模型用孩子能听懂的话，为你讲解「堂」字的意思。

篆隶楷草行五体名家碑帖切片 五体墨迹碑拓

横向对比「堂」字在历代传世名家碑帖中的法书原拓，品悟五体书道流变神韵（点击切片可鉴赏高清大图与法书考析）：

篆书
堂
秦·李斯《泰山刻石》
玉箸垂露 骨力森严
隶书
堂
东汉·《曹全碑》
蚕头燕尾 一波三折
楷书
堂
唐·颜真卿《多宝塔碑》
雄强端严 筋骨坚劲
行书
堂
东晋·王羲之《兰亭序》
行云流水 飘若浮云
草书
堂
唐·怀素《自叙帖》
奔蛇走虺 骤雨旋风
一键生成古风分享卡片 朱砂篆刻印章

将「堂」字、古籍出处与训诂原文，绘成一张带朱砂印章的古风海报，一键保存分享。

典籍考证与学术护城河

中古韵书开山之作，奠定中古音系框架，音韵训诂承前启后之关键。 本词条由秒哒书法字典学术专家组与古代字书训诂研究团队校勘，汇集说文、尔雅、方言、经籍籑诂等历代字书互证考释，构建汉字学术研究与书法创作权威依据。

历代古代字书研习矩阵 67部字书互证

秒哒书法字典独家收录两汉至明清 67 部权威古代字书韵书，一键对照训诂同源考释：

《说文解字》·东汉许慎 《尔雅》·先秦古籍训诂 《方言》·西汉扬雄音训 《广韵》·宋代重修广韵 《集韵》·北宋古韵集大成 《康熙字典》·清代官修集大成
历代经典字书训诂互证矩阵

秒哒书法字典汇集两汉魏晋唐宋元明清 67 部传世古籍，横向互证「堂」字训释：

东汉《说文解字》 先秦《尔雅》 西汉《方言》 东汉《释名》 北宋《广韵》 北宋《集韵》 清代《康熙字典》 明末《通雅》

在「秒哒书法字典」中研习全息字书

支持 63+ 部古代字书全息对比、历代碑帖原迹临摹、笔顺分步动画与正音诵读

一键进入小程序研读
古风分享卡片
📖 生字本本地温习 (共 0 字)
名家碑帖原拓鉴赏
堂
书体与碑帖出处
法书技法评注
' + '' + ''; printWin.document.open(); printWin.document.write(printHtml); printWin.document.close(); }, init: function () { this.updateFavBtnState(); }, }; // ===== 古风分享卡片（Canvas 多排版样式切换：朱砂宣纸/极简水墨/古典碑帖）===== const cardModal = document.getElementById("cardModal"); const cardPreview = document.getElementById("cardPreview"); let cardDataUrl = ""; let currentCardStyle = "classic"; // classic | minimal | stele function wrapText(ctx, text, x, y, maxWidth, lineHeight) { const chars = text.split(""); let line = ""; let curY = y; for (let i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) { const test = line + chars[i]; if (ctx.measureText(test).width > maxWidth && line) { ctx.fillText(line, x, curY); line = chars[i]; curY += lineHeight; } else { line = test; } } ctx.fillText(line, x, curY); return curY; } window.DictCard = { currentStyle: "classic", switchStyle: function (style) { this.currentStyle = style; const tabs = ["classic", "minimal", "stele"]; tabs.forEach(t => { const btn = document.getElementById("styleTab" + t.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + t.slice(1)); if (btn) { if (t === style) btn.classList.add("active"); else btn.classList.remove("active"); } }); this.draw(style); }, generate: function () { this.switchStyle(this.currentStyle || "classic"); cardModal.classList.add("open"); }, draw: function (style) { try { const W = 750, H = 1000; const canvas = document.createElement("canvas"); canvas.width = W; canvas.height = H; const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d"); if (style === "minimal") { // ===== 风格二：极简水墨 (Minimal Ink Wash) ===== // 浅灰冷白素纸背景 const bg = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 0, 0, H); bg.addColorStop(0, "#fafaf9"); bg.addColorStop(1, "#f4f4f3"); ctx.fillStyle = bg; ctx.fillRect(0, 0, W, H); // 极细墨灰几何边框与角标 ctx.strokeStyle = "#e4e4e7"; ctx.lineWidth = 1; ctx.strokeRect(30, 30, W - 60, H - 60); // 四角细线墨标 ctx.strokeStyle = "#71717a"; ctx.lineWidth = 2; const corn = 24; // 左上 ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(30, 30 + corn); ctx.lineTo(30, 30); ctx.lineTo(30 + corn, 30); ctx.stroke(); // 右上 ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(W - 30 - corn, 30); ctx.lineTo(W - 30, 30); ctx.lineTo(W - 30, 30 + corn); ctx.stroke(); // 左下 ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(30, H - 30 - corn); ctx.lineTo(30, H - 30); ctx.lineTo(30 + corn, H - 30); ctx.stroke(); // 右下 ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(W - 30 - corn, H - 30); ctx.lineTo(W - 30, H - 30); ctx.lineTo(W - 30, H - 30 - corn); ctx.stroke(); // 顶部标题（极简水墨黑） ctx.fillStyle = "#52525b"; ctx.font = '500 24px "KaiTi","STKaiti","SimSun",serif'; ctx.textAlign = "center"; const srcText = (DICT_DATA.dynasty ? DICT_DATA.dynasty + " · " : "") + DICT_DATA.author + "《" + DICT_DATA.bookTitle + "》"; ctx.fillText(srcText, W / 2, 110); // 中间大字（纯浓水墨深黑） ctx.fillStyle = "#09090b"; ctx.font = '700 310px "KaiTi","STKaiti","SimSun",serif'; ctx.textBaseline = "middle"; ctx.fillText(DICT_DATA.char, W / 2, 380); ctx.textBaseline = "alphabetic"; // 读音与部首（素雅石灰色） ctx.fillStyle = "#71717a"; ctx.font = '400 22px "KaiTi","STKaiti",serif'; const metaMin = []; if (DICT_DATA.pinyin) metaMin.push("音 " + DICT_DATA.pinyin); if (DICT_DATA.radical && DICT_DATA.radical !== "—") metaMin.push("部 " + DICT_DATA.radical); if (metaMin.length) ctx.fillText(metaMin.join(" · "), W / 2, 540); // 水墨分隔细横线 ctx.strokeStyle = "#e4e4e7"; ctx.lineWidth = 1; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(120, 580); ctx.lineTo(W - 120, 580); ctx.stroke(); // 训诂原文 ctx.fillStyle = "#27272a"; ctx.font = '400 26px "KaiTi","STKaiti","SimSun",serif'; ctx.textAlign = "left"; const quoteMin = "「" + DICT_DATA.originalText.slice(0, 60) + "」"; wrapText(ctx, quoteMin, 100, 640, W - 200, 44); // 墨黑篆书方印（极简深灰色） const sealSize = 110; const sealX = W - 100 - sealSize; const sealY = H - 90 - sealSize; ctx.save(); ctx.translate(sealX + sealSize / 2, sealY + sealSize / 2); ctx.fillStyle = "#18181b"; ctx.fillRect(-sealSize / 2, -sealSize / 2, sealSize, sealSize); ctx.strokeStyle = "#52525b"; ctx.lineWidth = 2; ctx.strokeRect(-sealSize / 2 + 6, -sealSize / 2 + 6, sealSize - 12, sealSize - 12); ctx.fillStyle = "#f4f4f5"; ctx.font = '700 58px "KaiTi","STKaiti","SimSun",serif'; ctx.textAlign = "center"; ctx.textBaseline = "middle"; ctx.fillText(DICT_DATA.char, 0, 4); ctx.restore(); ctx.textBaseline = "alphabetic"; // 底部 ctx.fillStyle = "#a1a1aa"; ctx.font = '400 20px "KaiTi","STKaiti",serif'; ctx.textAlign = "center"; ctx.fillText("极简水墨 · 秒哒书法字典", W / 2, H - 60); } else if (style === "stele") { // ===== 风格三：古典碑帖 (Classical Stele Rubbing) ===== // 玄青拓片黑石背景 const bg = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 0, W, H); bg.addColorStop(0, "#191c21"); bg.addColorStop(1, "#0f1115"); ctx.fillStyle = bg; ctx.fillRect(0, 0, W, H); // 模拟石碑风化斑驳微粒 ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(255,255,255,0.02)"; for (let i = 0; i < 400; i++) { const rx = (Math.sin(i * 99) * 0.5 + 0.5) * W; const ry = (Math.cos(i * 37) * 0.5 + 0.5) * H; ctx.fillRect(rx, ry, (i % 3) + 1, (i % 3) + 1); } // 碑刻金石粗线与细线外框 ctx.strokeStyle = "#475569"; ctx.lineWidth = 3; ctx.strokeRect(26, 26, W - 52, H - 52); ctx.strokeStyle = "#334155"; ctx.lineWidth = 1; ctx.strokeRect(36, 36, W - 72, H - 72); // 碑帖出处（金石青灰白色） ctx.fillStyle = "#94a3b8"; ctx.font = '600 28px "KaiTi","STKaiti","SimSun",serif'; ctx.textAlign = "center"; const steleSrc = (DICT_DATA.dynasty ? DICT_DATA.dynasty + "·" : "") + DICT_DATA.author + "《" + DICT_DATA.bookTitle + "》拓本考释"; ctx.fillText(steleSrc, W / 2, 115); // 碑拓大字（温润拓石白，金石气派） ctx.fillStyle = "#f8fafc"; ctx.font = '700 310px "KaiTi","STKaiti","SimSun",serif'; ctx.textBaseline = "middle"; ctx.fillText(DICT_DATA.char, W / 2, 380); ctx.textBaseline = "alphabetic"; // 读音部首 ctx.fillStyle = "#cbd5e1"; ctx.font = '400 24px "KaiTi","STKaiti",serif'; const metaStele = []; if (DICT_DATA.pinyin) metaStele.push("【反切/音韵】" + DICT_DATA.pinyin); if (DICT_DATA.radical && DICT_DATA.radical !== "—") metaStele.push("【部首】" + DICT_DATA.radical); if (metaStele.length) ctx.fillText(metaStele.join(" "), W / 2, 540); // 原文拓释 ctx.fillStyle = "#e2e8f0"; ctx.font = '400 25px "KaiTi","STKaiti","SimSun",serif'; ctx.textAlign = "left"; const quoteStele = "经文原典：" + DICT_DATA.originalText.slice(0, 60); wrapText(ctx, quoteStele, 90, 620, W - 180, 42); // 朱砂拓印鲜红印章（大红色方印，在黑底上格外醒目） const sealSize = 130; const sealX = W - 90 - sealSize; const sealY = H - 90 - sealSize; ctx.save(); ctx.translate(sealX + sealSize / 2, sealY + sealSize / 2); ctx.rotate((-4 * Math.PI) / 180); ctx.fillStyle = "#dc2626"; ctx.fillRect(-sealSize / 2, -sealSize / 2, sealSize, sealSize); ctx.strokeStyle = "#fca5a5"; ctx.lineWidth = 3; ctx.strokeRect(-sealSize / 2 + 8, -sealSize / 2 + 8, sealSize - 16, sealSize - 16); ctx.fillStyle = "#ffffff"; ctx.font = '700 70px "KaiTi","STKaiti","SimSun",serif'; ctx.textAlign = "center"; ctx.textBaseline = "middle"; ctx.fillText(DICT_DATA.char, 0, 6); ctx.restore(); ctx.textBaseline = "alphabetic"; // 底部 ctx.fillStyle = "#64748b"; ctx.font = '400 22px "KaiTi","STKaiti",serif'; ctx.textAlign = "center"; ctx.fillText("古典碑帖 · 秒哒书法字典 · miaoda-h5.com", W / 2, H - 60); } else { // ===== 风格一：经典朱砂宣纸 (Classic Vermilion & Rice Paper) ===== const bg = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 0, W, H); bg.addColorStop(0, "#f7f1e3"); bg.addColorStop(1, "#efe5cf"); ctx.fillStyle = bg; ctx.fillRect(0, 0, W, H); ctx.strokeStyle = "rgba(180,160,110,0.08)"; ctx.lineWidth = 1; for (let i = 0; i < H; i += 6) { ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(0, i); ctx.lineTo(W, i + 2); ctx.stroke(); } ctx.strokeStyle = "#c41e3a"; ctx.lineWidth = 4; ctx.strokeRect(24, 24, W - 48, H - 48); ctx.strokeStyle = "#d6c9ad"; ctx.lineWidth = 1; ctx.strokeRect(34, 34, W - 68, H - 68); ctx.fillStyle = "#5b4a32"; ctx.font = '600 30px "KaiTi","STKaiti","SimSun",serif'; ctx.textAlign = "center"; const source = (DICT_DATA.dynasty ? DICT_DATA.dynasty + "·" : "") + DICT_DATA.author + "《" + DICT_DATA.bookTitle + "》"; ctx.fillText(source, W / 2, 110); ctx.fillStyle = "#1c1917"; ctx.font = '700 300px "KaiTi","STKaiti","SimSun",serif'; ctx.textBaseline = "middle"; ctx.fillText(DICT_DATA.char, W / 2, 380); ctx.textBaseline = "alphabetic"; ctx.fillStyle = "#8a7a5c"; ctx.font = '400 24px "KaiTi","STKaiti",serif'; const meta = []; if (DICT_DATA.pinyin) meta.push("读音 " + DICT_DATA.pinyin); if (DICT_DATA.radical && DICT_DATA.radical !== "—") meta.push("部首 " + DICT_DATA.radical); if (meta.length) ctx.fillText(meta.join("　"), W / 2, 540); ctx.fillStyle = "#3f372c"; ctx.font = '400 26px "KaiTi","STKaiti","SimSun",serif'; ctx.textAlign = "left"; const quote = "「" + DICT_DATA.originalText.slice(0, 60) + "」"; wrapText(ctx, quote, 90, 620, W - 180, 42); const sealSize = 130; const sealX = W - 90 - sealSize; const sealY = H - 90 - sealSize; ctx.save(); ctx.translate(sealX + sealSize / 2, sealY + sealSize / 2); ctx.rotate((-6 * Math.PI) / 180); ctx.fillStyle = "#c41e3a"; ctx.fillRect(-sealSize / 2, -sealSize / 2, sealSize, sealSize); ctx.strokeStyle = "#fff"; ctx.lineWidth = 4; ctx.strokeRect(-sealSize / 2 + 8, -sealSize / 2 + 8, sealSize - 16, sealSize - 16); ctx.fillStyle = "#fff"; ctx.font = '700 70px "KaiTi","STKaiti","SimSun",serif'; ctx.textAlign = "center"; ctx.textBaseline = "middle"; ctx.fillText(DICT_DATA.char, 0, 6); ctx.restore(); ctx.textBaseline = "alphabetic"; ctx.fillStyle = "#9a8a6a"; ctx.font = '400 22px "KaiTi","STKaiti",serif'; ctx.textAlign = "center"; ctx.fillText("秒哒书法字典 · miaoda-h5.com", W / 2, H - 60); } cardDataUrl = canvas.toDataURL("image/png"); cardPreview.innerHTML = '古风分享卡片'; } catch (e) { alert("当前环境不支持海报绘制，请升级浏览器后重试"); } }, close: function () { cardModal.classList.remove("open"); }, download: function () { if (!cardDataUrl) return; const a = document.createElement("a"); a.href = cardDataUrl; const styleNameMap = { classic: "朱砂宣纸", minimal: "极简水墨", stele: "古典碑帖" }; const styleLabel = styleNameMap[this.currentStyle] || "古风卡片"; a.download = DICT_DATA.char + "_" + DICT_DATA.bookTitle + "_" + styleLabel + "_秒哒书法字典.png"; document.body.appendChild(a); a.click(); document.body.removeChild(a); }, }; // ===== 宣纸泛黄质感与主题切换系统 ===== const THEME_KEY = "mda_paper_theme_v1"; const paperThemeBtn = document.getElementById("paperThemeBtn"); const paperThemeIcon = document.getElementById("paperThemeIcon"); const paperThemeText = document.getElementById("paperThemeText"); window.PaperTheme = { current: "white", init: function () { try { const saved = localStorage.getItem(THEME_KEY); if (saved && (saved === "white" || saved === "aged" || saved === "dark")) { this.apply(saved, false); } else { this.apply("white", false); } } catch (e) { this.apply("white", false); } }, toggle: function () { const seq = ["white", "aged", "dark"]; const nextIdx = (seq.indexOf(this.current) + 1) % seq.length; this.apply(seq[nextIdx], true); }, apply: function (theme, notify) { this.current = theme; document.body.classList.remove("theme-aged", "theme-dark"); try { localStorage.setItem(THEME_KEY, theme); } catch (e) {} const metaMap = { white: { icon: "📜", text: "素雅宣纸", toast: "已切换至「清雅素白宣纸」质感" }, aged: { icon: "🍂", text: "泛黄古宣", toast: "已切换至「古韵泛黄宣纸」质感" }, dark: { icon: "🌑", text: "玄黑金石", toast: "已切换至「玄黑金石拓本」质感" }, }; const meta = metaMap[theme] || metaMap.white; if (theme === "aged") document.body.classList.add("theme-aged"); else if (theme === "dark") document.body.classList.add("theme-dark"); if (paperThemeIcon) paperThemeIcon.textContent = meta.icon; if (paperThemeText) paperThemeText.textContent = meta.text; if (notify) showToast(meta.toast); }, }; // ===== 篆隶楷草行五体古代名家碑帖切片鉴赏 ===== const steleModal = document.getElementById("steleModal"); const steleModalTitle = document.getElementById("steleModalTitle"); const steleModalBox = document.getElementById("steleModalBox"); const steleModalChar = document.getElementById("steleModalChar"); const steleModalMeta = document.getElementById("steleModalMeta"); const steleModalCritique = document.getElementById("steleModalCritique"); const STELE_INFO = { zhuan: { title: "篆书名家碑拓鉴赏", source: "秦·李斯《泰山刻石》/ 许慎《说文解字》篆部", bgClass: "stele-dark", fontClass: "font-zhuan", critique: "李斯小篆结体修长匀整，玉箸垂露，铁线圆折，线条粗细一致而骨力森然，为秦代金石大一统正统法度。", }, li: { title: "隶书名家碑拓鉴赏", source: "东汉·《曹全碑》/《乙瑛碑》/《汉隶字源》", bgClass: "stele-dark", fontClass: "font-li", critique: "汉隶蚕头燕尾，一波三折，体态开张舒展，骨肉停匀而意态从容，展现汉魏金石碑版的典雅敦厚之美。", }, kai: { title: "楷书名家法书鉴赏", source: "唐·颜真卿《多宝塔碑》/ 欧阳询《九成宫醴泉铭》", bgClass: "stele-rubbing", fontClass: "font-kai", critique: "唐楷法度极严，颜体雄强端庄、筋骨坚劲；欧体险劲内敛，点画如高山坠石，为后世万代楷模。", }, xing: { title: "行书名家墨迹鉴赏", source: "东晋·王羲之《兰亭序》/ 唐·颜真卿《祭侄文稿》", bgClass: "stele-ink", fontClass: "font-xing", critique: "行书气韵生动，行云流水，浓淡自如；飘若浮云、矫若惊龙，在规矩法度与抒情写意之间达到至高化境。", }, cao: { title: "草书名家墨迹鉴赏", source: "唐·怀素《自叙帖》/ 东晋·王羲之《十七帖》", bgClass: "stele-ink", fontClass: "font-cao", critique: "草书飞动奔放，回旋连绵，如骤雨旋风、奔蛇走虺，线条跌宕起伏，极尽书写者的性灵与笔势爆发力。", }, }; window.SteleViewer = { show: function (type, char) { const info = STELE_INFO[type] || STELE_INFO.kai; if (steleModalTitle) steleModalTitle.textContent = info.title; if (steleModalChar) { steleModalChar.textContent = char; steleModalChar.className = "stele-modal-char " + info.fontClass; } if (steleModalBox) { steleModalBox.className = "stele-modal-big " + info.bgClass; } if (steleModalMeta) steleModalMeta.textContent = info.source; if (steleModalCritique) steleModalCritique.textContent = info.critique; if (steleModal) steleModal.classList.add("open"); }, close: function () { if (steleModal) steleModal.classList.remove("open"); }, }; // 页面载入时初始化生字本与宣纸质感 VocabBook.init(); PaperTheme.init(); })();